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Trace analysis of off-flavor/odor compounds in water using liquid-liquid microextraction coupled with

Jian LU,Paul S. WILLS,P. CHRIS WILSON

Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2016, Volume 10, Issue 3,   Pages 477-481 doi: 10.1007/s11783-015-0820-z

Abstract: A rapid, inexpensive and laboratory friendly method was developed for analysis of off-flavor/odor compounds in fresh and salt water using gas chromatography with chemical ionization-tandem mass spectrometry. Off-flavor/odor compounds included geosmin, 2-methylisoborneol (MIB), 2-isobutyl-3-methyoxypyrazine (IBMP), and 2-isopropyl-3-methoxypyrazine (IPMP). Using this method, a single sample can be extracted within minutes using only 1 mL of organic solvent. The ion transitions for IPMP, IBMP, MIB, and geosmin were 153>121, 167>125, 152>95, and 165>109, respectively. The linearity of this method for analyzing MIB ranged from 4 to 200 ng·L , and from 0.8 to 200 ng·L for the other analytes. Method recoveries ranged from 97% to 111% and percent relative standard deviations ranged from 3% to 9%, indicating that the method is accurate, precise, and reliable.

Keywords： off-flavor/odor compounds     liquid-liquid microextraction     gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry    

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Studies on the liquid-liquid interfacial mass transfer process using holographic interferometry

ZHAO Chaofan, ZHU Chunying, MA Youguang

Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2008, Volume 2, Issue 1,   Pages 1-4 doi: 10.1007/s11705-008-0006-3

Abstract: This paper aims at the interfacial phenomena of liquid-liquid mass transfer and its characteristic.It is indicated that the liquid-liquid mass transfer process is approximately in accordance with two-filmtheory, the interfacial performance may be changed by the addition of the solute, and the interface of liquid-liquid

Keywords： liquid-liquid     different     real-time holographic     addition     transfer    

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A review of salting-out effect and sugaring-out effect: driving forces for novel liquid-liquid extraction

Chuhan Fu, Zhuoxi Li, Zengran Sun, Shaoqu Xie

Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2021, Volume 15, Issue 4,   Pages 854-871 doi: 10.1007/s11705-020-1980-3

Abstract: Biofuels and bio-based chemicals are getting more and more attention because of their sustainable and renewable properties and wide industrial applications. However, the low concentrations of the targeted products in their fermentation broths, the complicated components of the broths and the high energy-intensive separation and purification process hinder the competitiveness of biofuels and biochemicals with the petro-based ones. Hence, the production and the separation of biofuels and bio-based chemicals in energy-saving, low-cost and greenness ways become hot topics nowadays. This review introduces the separation technologies (salting-out extraction, salting-out, sugaring-out extraction, and sugaring-out) that extract biobutanol, 1,3-propanediol, 2,3-butanediol, acetoin, organic acids and other bio-based chemicals from fermentation broths/aqueous solutions. Salting-out/sugaring-out extraction and salting-out/sugaring-out technologies display the high separating efficiency and the high targeted product yields. In addition, they are easy to operate and require low cost for separating products. Hence, they are the effective and potential technologies for separating targeted products in the wide industrial applications. The successful research into the salting-out/sugaring-out and salting-out/sugaring-out extraction not only affords biofuels and biochemical but also opens a door for the development of novel separation methods.

Keywords： salting-out     sugaring-out     extraction     biofuels     biochemicals     application    

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Detection of geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol by liquid-liquid extraction-gas chromatograph mass spectrum

MA Xiaoyan, CHEN Beibei, LI Qingsong, ZHANG Qiaoli, GU Guofen

Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2007, Volume 1, Issue 3,   Pages 286-291 doi: 10.1007/s11783-007-0048-7

Abstract: LC-18 column was employed in solid phase extraction (SPE), 1.0 mL of hexane was adopted in liquid-liquid

Keywords： summer     flocculation     simple     Shanghai     spectrum    

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Chemical probe systems for assessing liquid–liquid mixing efficiencies of reactors

Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2023, Volume 17, Issue 10,   Pages 1323-1335 doi: 10.1007/s11705-022-2275-7

Abstract: Liquid–liquid mixing, including homogeneous and heterogeneous mixing, widely exists in the chemical industry

Keywords： mixing     chemical probe     liquid–liquid     heterogeneous    

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Microfluidic production of liposomes through liquid–liquid phase separation in ternary droplets

Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2022, Volume 16, Issue 6,   Pages 1017-1022 doi: 10.1007/s11705-021-2118-y

Abstract: make oil-in-water droplets, which can evolve into water-in-oil-in-water double emulsion droplets by liquid–liquid

Keywords： microfluidics     liposomes     ternary droplets     phase separation    

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Energy distribution between liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen temperatures in a Stirling/pulse tube refrigerator

Frontiers in Energy 2023, Volume 17, Issue 4,   Pages 516-526 doi: 10.1007/s11708-022-0844-6

Abstract: In the present study, an SPR was designed and manufactured to work between the liquid hydrogen and liquid

Keywords： Stirling/pulse tube refrigerator     displacer displacement     space application     phase shift     energy distribution    

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Perspective on gallium-based room temperature liquid metal batteries

Frontiers in Energy 2022, Volume 16, Issue 1,   Pages 23-48 doi: 10.1007/s11708-022-0815-y

Abstract: Featuring inherent liquidity, metallicity, and biocompatibility, Ga-based room-temperature liquid metalsHerein, to illustrate the glamour of liquid components, high-temperature liquid metal batteries (HTLMBsThen, Ga-based liquid metals as main working electrodes in primary and secondary batteries are reviewedNext, Ga-based liquid metals as auxiliary working electrodes in lithium and nonlithium batteries areThe summary and perspective of Ga-based liquid metals as diverse battery materials are also focused on

Keywords： liquid metals     soft electrodes     flexible batteries     deformable energy supply devices     epidermal electronics    

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Advances and perspectives in catalysts for liquid-phase oxidation of cyclohexane

Hui LI, Yuanbin SHE, Tao WANG

Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2012, Volume 6, Issue 3,   Pages 356-368 doi: 10.1007/s11705-012-0903-3

Abstract: The latest progress and developments in catalysts for the oxidation of cyclohexane are reviewed. Catalytic systems for the oxidation of cyclohexane including metal supported, metal oxides, molecular sieves, metal substituted polyoxometalates, photocatalysts, organocatalysts, Gif systems, metal-organic catalysts and metalloporphyrins are discussed with a particular emphasis on metalloporphyrin catalytic systems. The advantages and disadvantages of these methods are summarized and analyzed. Finally, the development trends in the oxidation technology of cyclohexane are examined.

Keywords： cyclohexane     liquid-phase oxidation     catalysis    

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Residence time distribution and modeling of the liquid phase in an impinging stream reactor

Xingjun WANG, Xianhui HU, Lishun HU, Guangsuo YU, Fuchen WANG,

Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2010, Volume 4, Issue 3,   Pages 353-359 doi: 10.1007/s11705-009-0262-x

Abstract: Based on some experimental investigations of liquid phase residence time distribution (RTD) in an impingingstream reactor, a two-dimensional plug-flow dispersion model for predicting the liquid phase RTD inThe axial liquid dispersion coefficient increases monotonously with the increasing liquid flux, but isAs the liquid flux and the gas flux increase, the liquid dispersion coefficient of center-to-wall decreasesthe liquid RTD is dominated mainly by axial liquid dispersion in the impinging stream reactor.

Keywords： RTD     liquid dispersion     reactor     liquid     independent    

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Lifecycle carbon footprint and cost assessment for coal-to-liquid coupled with carbon capture, storage

Frontiers in Energy 2023, Volume 17, Issue 3,   Pages 412-427 doi: 10.1007/s11708-023-0879-3

Abstract: The coal-to-liquid coupled with carbon capture, utilization, and storage technology has the potentialand indirect-coal-to-liquid coupled with the carbon capture utilization and storage technology underand 24%–49% from 7.10 t CO2/t·oil of indirect-coal-to-liquid.Next, the levelized cost of direct-coal-to-liquid is 648–1027 $/t of oil, whereas that of indirect-coal-to-liquidis 285–1364 $/t of oil, compared to 1101–9793 $/t of oil for indirect-coal-to-liquid.

Keywords： coal-to-liquid     carbon capture     utilization and storage (CCUS)     carbon footprint     levelized cost of liquid    

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Review of the direct thermochemical conversion of lignocellulosic biomass for liquid fuels

Jianchun JIANG,Junming XU,Zhanqian SONG

Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2015, Volume 2, Issue 1,   Pages 13-27 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2015050

Abstract: Increased demand for liquid transportation fuels, environmental concerns and depletion of petroleum resourcesThermochemical approaches hold great potential for conversion of lignocellulosic biomass into liquidDirect thermochemical processes convert biomass into liquid fuels in one step using heat and catalystsSeveral direct thermochemical processes are employed in the production of liquid biofuels depending ondrop-in liquid fuels may reduce the dependence of the fuel market on petroleum-based fuel products.

Keywords： lignocellulosic biomass     thermochemical     liquid fuels     upgrading     biofuels    

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Emerging roles of liquid metals in carbon neutrality

Frontiers in Energy 2022, Volume 16, Issue 3,   Pages 393-396 doi: 10.1007/s11708-022-0829-5

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A multiscale material model for heterogeneous liquid droplets in solid soft composites

Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2021, Volume 15, Issue 5,   Pages 1292-1299 doi: 10.1007/s11709-021-0771-3

Abstract: Liquid droplets in solid soft composites have been attracting increasing attention in biological applicationscomposites, which are made of solid elastic inclusions, available material models for composites including liquidThis research revisits the available models for liquid droplets in solid soft composites and presentsThe results clearly indicate both softening and stiffening effects of liquid droplets and show that themodel can precisely predict the effective properties of liquid droplets in solid soft composites.

Keywords： liquid in solid     soft composite     computational modeling     multiscale model     heterogeneity    

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Surface tension of liquid metal: role, mechanism and application

Xi ZHAO, Shuo XU, Jing LIU

Frontiers in Energy 2017, Volume 11, Issue 4,   Pages 535-567 doi: 10.1007/s11708-017-0463-9

Abstract: For liquid metals with high melting temperature, a profound understanding of the behaviors of surfaceRecently, the room temperature liquid metal (RTLM) mainly composed of gallium-based alloys has causedRTLM, this paper is dedicated to present an overview on the roles and mechanisms of surface tension of liquid

Keywords： surface tension     liquid metal     soft machine     printed electronics     electrowetting     self-actuation    

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Title Author Date Type Operation

Trace analysis of off-flavor/odor compounds in water using liquid-liquid microextraction coupled with

Jian LU,Paul S. WILLS,P. CHRIS WILSON

Journal Article

Studies on the liquid-liquid interfacial mass transfer process using holographic interferometry

ZHAO Chaofan, ZHU Chunying, MA Youguang

Journal Article

A review of salting-out effect and sugaring-out effect: driving forces for novel liquid-liquid extraction

Chuhan Fu, Zhuoxi Li, Zengran Sun, Shaoqu Xie

Journal Article

Detection of geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol by liquid-liquid extraction-gas chromatograph mass spectrum

MA Xiaoyan, CHEN Beibei, LI Qingsong, ZHANG Qiaoli, GU Guofen

Journal Article

Chemical probe systems for assessing liquid–liquid mixing efficiencies of reactors

Journal Article

Microfluidic production of liposomes through liquid–liquid phase separation in ternary droplets

Journal Article

Energy distribution between liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen temperatures in a Stirling/pulse tube refrigerator

Journal Article

Perspective on gallium-based room temperature liquid metal batteries

Journal Article

Advances and perspectives in catalysts for liquid-phase oxidation of cyclohexane

Hui LI, Yuanbin SHE, Tao WANG

Journal Article

Residence time distribution and modeling of the liquid phase in an impinging stream reactor

Xingjun WANG, Xianhui HU, Lishun HU, Guangsuo YU, Fuchen WANG,

Journal Article

Lifecycle carbon footprint and cost assessment for coal-to-liquid coupled with carbon capture, storage

Journal Article

Review of the direct thermochemical conversion of lignocellulosic biomass for liquid fuels

Jianchun JIANG,Junming XU,Zhanqian SONG

Journal Article

Emerging roles of liquid metals in carbon neutrality

Journal Article

A multiscale material model for heterogeneous liquid droplets in solid soft composites

Journal Article

Surface tension of liquid metal: role, mechanism and application

Xi ZHAO, Shuo XU, Jing LIU

Journal Article